Sulfamethoxazole is hepatically metabolized by the CYP450 system; it is a CYP2C9 inhibitor. Its half-life is 6 to 12 hours, increasing to between 20 and 50 hours in renal failure. Trimethoprim has a half-life of 8 to 10 hours, is minimally metabolized in the liver, and is primarily excreted in the urine, essentially unchanged. Be sure your doctor knows if you’re currently taking any medications, particularly those below. Once production of that chemical ceases, the bacteria also stops growing, which can help resolve an infection.
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
Stopping the medication too early may result in a return of the infection. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim combination is an antibiotic. It works by eliminating the bacteria that cause many kinds of infections. This medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other https://sober-house.org/drug-addiction/ virus infections. For example, if your child has a BSA of 1.06 m2, their doctor may prescribe one tablet of Bactrim (400 mg/80 mg) taken twice a day on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays. On the other days of the week, the child will not take any doses of Bactrim.
Information for Patients
For treating pneumocystis pneumonia in adults and in children ages 2 months and older, the dose depends on body weight in kg. Your doctor will calculate your dose based on the two active ingredients in Bactrim. Seek medical treatment if you have a serious drug reaction that can affect many parts of your body. Symptoms may include skin rash, fever, swollen glands, joint pain, muscle aches, severe weakness, pale skin, unusual bruising, or yellowing of your skin or eyes. BACTRIM should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash or any sign of a serious adverse reaction. A skin rash may be followed by a more severe reaction, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS, AFND, AGEP, hepatic necrosis, or serious blood disorders (see PRECAUTIONSand ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Factors that can affect your dosage
Urine concentrations of both sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are considerably higher than are the concentrations in the blood. The average percentage of the dose recovered in urine from 0 to 72 hours after a single oral dose of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is 84.5% for total sulfonamide and 66.8% for free trimethoprim. Thirty percent of the total sulfonamide is excreted as free sulfamethoxazole, https://sober-home.org/after-work-drinking-risks-consequences-treatment/ with the remaining as N 4-acetylated metabolite. 2When administered together as sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, neither sulfamethoxazole nor trimethoprim affects the urinary excretion pattern of the other. However, patients with severely impaired renal function exhibit an increase in the half-lives of both components, requiring dosage regimen adjustment (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
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- If you’re having trouble opening medication bottles, ask your pharmacist about putting Bactrim in an easy-open container.
- Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs.
- But older adults — particularly those with certain conditions, such as kidney disease or liver disease — may have a higher risk of severe side effects.
- No trials to date explored the impact of early corticosteroid administration.
- They all work by killing or eliminating germs that cause infection, such as bacteria.
Note that doctors do not prescribe Bactrim or Bactrim DS for children under the age of 2 months. For more information about the possible side effects of Bactrim and Bactrim DS, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. They can give you tips on how to manage any side effects that may concern or bother you. Bactrim and Bactrim DS can cause mild or serious side effects. The following lists contain some of the key side effects that may occur while taking Bactrim and Bactrim DS.
However, be sure your child takes the dosage their doctor prescribes for them. Your doctor will determine the best dosage to fit your childs needs. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you https://sober-house.net/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-review-finds/ have questions about consuming specific foods with medications. Bactrim and Bactrim DS are FDA-approved to treat acute (sudden or short-term) worsening of chronic bronchitis in adults.
In the literature, a single case of toxic delirium has been reported after concomitant intake of BACTRIM and amantadine (an OCT2 substrate). Cases of interactions with other OCT2 substrates, memantine and metformin, have also been reported. There have been reports of marked but reversible nephrotoxicity with coadministration of BACTRIM and cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients. When administering these drugs concurrently, one should be alert for possible excessive phenytoin effect.
Clinical signs, such as rash, pharyngitis, fever, arthralgia, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, pallor, purpura or jaundice may be early indications of serious reactions. A skin rash may be followed by a more severe reaction, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS, AFND, AGEP, hepatic necrosis, or serious blood disorders (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS). Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects.
However, empirical PcP treatment should only be considered when there is strong evidence (i.e., host factors, clinical and radiological criteria along with microbiological criteria). The administration of high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole carries a significant risk of toxicity, particularly in the vulnerable ICU population. In vitroreverse mutation bacterial tests according to the standard protocol have not been performed with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in combination. An in vitro chromosomal aberration test in human lymphocytes with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was negative.
If you’ve had a serious allergic reaction to Bactrim or Bactrim DS, your doctor may recommend taking a different medication instead. For mild allergic reaction symptoms, such as a mild rash, call your doctor right away. They may recommend treatments to help manage your symptoms. They’ll also let you know whether you should keep taking the medication. Bactrim and Bactrim DS (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) are brand-name drugs prescribed to treat or prevent certain infections. As with other drugs, Bactrim and Bactrim DS can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Furthermore, the grouping of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, who have significant clinical and pathophysiological differences in PcP complicates the ability to draw definitive conclusions on this critical issue [3]. Early administration of corticosteroids, similar to the timing of curative antibiotics, could be crucial. Beside mortality, adjunctive corticosteroids might have an effect on critical outcomes such as ICU-acquired secondary infections, which do not appear to have been evaluated in the present study. Difficileproduces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD.
This medicine should not be given to a child younger than 2 months old.